- Population: 11,800 (Change since 1990: +6.0%)
- Created: December 14, 1818
- County seat: Fredericktown
- Largest town: Fredericktown (Pop. 3,928)
- Name origin: James Madison
- Allbright (Unincorporated)
- Located on CR 318 near Gimlet Creek
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°19'44" N, 90°13'36" W
- Survey: T. 31 N., R. 7 E., Sec. 36
- Elevation: 479
- Civil township: Big Creek
- School district: Marquand-Zion R-6
- USGS Quad: Allbright
- Named for settler Frank Allbright
- Source: Madison Co. 1988 (p. 18)
- Beulah (Unincorporated)
- Located just beyond the end of Route FF
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°19'44" N, 90°30'08" W
- Elevation: 548
- Civil township: Liberty
- School district: Clearwater R-1
- USGS Quad: Brunot
- Blush (Historical)
- Buckhorn (Unincorporated)
- Located on Route M at intersection with CR 306 north of Madison County line
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°20'17" N, 90°17'22" W
- Survey: T. 31. N., R. 7. E., Sec. 28-29
- Elevation: 566
- Civil township: Big Creek
- School district: Marquand-Zion R-6
- USGS Quad: Cascade
- Castor Station (Historical)
- Located next to the MO 72 bridge over Castor River
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°31'40" N, 90°10'10" W
- Survey: T. 33 N., R. 8 E., Sec. 21
- Elevation: 666
- Civil township: Castor
- USGS Quad: Higdon (Benchmark shown)
- Catherine Place (Unincorporated)
- Previously known as: Slabtown
- Alternate name: Catherine
- Located on US 67 just north of the MO 72 interchange
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°34'30" N, 90°19'27" W
- Survey: T. 33 N., R. 6 E., Sec. 1
- Civil township: St. Michael
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Fredericktown
- Map: 1959 McNally (Slabtown)
- Central (Historical)
- Located on Route C west of Cherokee Pass
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°27'54" N, 90°20'48" W
- Survey: T. 32 N., R. 6 E., Sec. 11
- Elevation: 1070
- Civil township: Central
- USGS Quad: Cherokee Pass
- Cherokee Pass (Unincorporated)
- Previously known as: Ebeneezer
- Located on US 67 near the intersections with Route C and Route A south of Fredericktown
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°29'22" N, 90°18'18" W
- Survey: T. 32 N., R. 7 E., Sec. 5
- Elevation: 978
- Civil township: St. Michael
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Cherokee Pass
- Cobalt City (Village)
- An incorporated village adjacent to Fredericktown
- Population: 189 (Change since 1990: -25.6%)
- Located just southeast of Fredericktown along S. Mine La Motte St.
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°32'44" N, 90°17'19" W
- Cornwall (Unincorporated)
- Located on Route F south of MO 72
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°30'44" N, 90°12'10" W
- Civil township: Castor
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Higdon
- Station on the Belmont Branch southeast of Fredericktown
- Probably named for Zacchus Cornwall, who purchased
320 acres here in 1854
- Map: 1877
- Source: Madison Co. 1988 (p. 23)
- Creek Nation (Unincorporated)
- Located on Route E between Route O and Route KK southwest of Fredericktown
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°30'50" N, 90°23'17" W
- Civil township: St. Francois
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Rhodes Mountain
- Deguire (Historical)
- Located southwest of Fredericktown, probably on Route E
- Survey: T. 32 N., R. 7 E., Sec. 27
- Civil township: St. Francois
- Map: 1895 McNally
- Dillons Mine (Historical)
- Faro (Historical)
- Located near the end of Route O
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°26'50" N, 90°26'15" W
- Civil township: Central
- USGS Quad: Rock Pile Mountain (Not shown)
- Fredericktown (Fourth-class city)
- Population: 3,928 (Change since 1990: -0.6%)
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°33'34" N, 90°17'40" W
- Name origin: Col. George Frederick Bollinger
- Founded: 1814 by Col. Nathaniel Cook
- French Mills (Unincorporated)
- Located on Route E near the confluence of Marble Creek
and St. Francis River
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°27'21" N, 90°29'21" W
- Survey: T. 33 N., R. 5. E., Sec. 22
- Civil township: Liberty
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Rock Pile Mountain
- Named for Simon Durance, who immigrated from France
and built a mill on Marble Creek
- Source: Madison Co. 1988 (p. 29)
- Gordonton (Historical)
- Hahns Mill (Historical)
- The Hahns Mill area was acquired by the Missouri Department
of Conservation in 1984 to form Amidon Conservation Area.
- Located near intersection of CR 208 and CR 253 past the end of Route W
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°33'31" N, 90°09'18" W
- Civil township: Castor
- USGS Quad: Higdon
- Named for Fred and John Hahn, who operated two mills
in the area in the late 1800's
- Higdon (Unincorporated)
- Located at the end of Route NN northeast of Fredericktown
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°35'34" N, 90°10'04" W
- Survey: T. 33. N., R. 8 E., Sec. 4
- Civil township: Castor
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Higdon
- Named for Samuel Higdon, sawmill owner
- Source: Madison Co. 1988 (p. 31)
- Jewett (Unincorporated)
- Previously known as: Leatherwood
- Located on Route C east of intersection with Route FF
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°22'49" N, 90°30'05" W
- Survey: T. 31 N., R. 9 E., Sec. 9
- Elevation: 513
- Civil township: Liberty
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Des Arc NE
- Junction City (Village)
- Population: 319 (Change since 1990: -2.1%)
- Located at the intersection of MO 72 and Route OO to the
northeast of Fredericktown
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°34'11" N, 90°17'13" W
- Klondike (Unincorporated)
- Alternate name: Klondike
- Located near Route A northwest of Marquand
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°26'26" N, 90°13'29" W
- Survey: T. 32 N., R. 7 E., Sec. 24
- Civil township: Marquand
- School district: Marquand-Zion R-6
- USGS Quad: Marquand
- Lance (Historical)
- Located at the intersection MO 72 and Route K
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°35'09" N, 90°27'11" W
- Survey: T. 33 N., R. 5 E., Sec. 2
- Elevation: 806
- Civil township: Polk
- USGS Quad: Rhodes Mountain
- Maps: 1897 Galbraith and 1904 McNally
- Marquand (Fourth-class city)
- Population: 251 (Change since 1990: -9.7%)
- Located on Route A just east of the intersections with Route M
and Route DD
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°25'43" N, 90°10'02" W
- Name origin: W. G. Marquand
- Founded: 1804 by Capt. Henry Whitener
- Marsh Creek (Unincorporated)
- Located near the end of CR 431 northeast of Jewett
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°25'02" N, 90°27'52" W
- Survey: T. 32 N., R. 5 E., Sec. 35
- Civil township: Liberty
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Rock Pile Mountain (Not shown)
- Millcreek (Unincorporated)
- Post office closed in 1976.
- Alternate name: Mill Creek
- Located near the intersection of US 67 and Route E
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°31'36" N, 90°18'35" W
- Civil township: St. Michael
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Fredericktown
- Mine La Motte (Unincorporated)
- Alternate name: Mine Lamotte
- Located on Route OO north of Fredericktown
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°36'56" N, 90°17'23" W
- Survey: T. 34 N., R. 7 E., Sec. 29
- Elevation: 796
- Civil township: Mine La Motte
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Fredericktown
- Maps: 1857 Colton and 1920 Clason (Spelled as Mine Lamotte)
- Mine La Motte Station (Historical)
- Oak Grove (Historical)
- Previously known as: Blush
- Located at intersection MO 72 and Route D
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°34'22" N, 90°23'41" W
- Survey: T. 33 N., R. 6 E., Sec. 4, 9
- Elevation: 744
- Civil township: Polk
- USGS Quad: Rhodes Mountain
- Map: 1904 McNally (Blush)
- Roselle (Unincorporated)
- Located on MO 72 between the Iron County line and Route MM
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°35'58" N, 90°31'33" W
- Survey: T. 34 N., R. 5 E., Sec. 31
- Elevation: 837
- Civil township: Polk
- School district: Arcadia Valley R-2
- USGS Quad: Lake Killarney
- Saco (Unincorporated)
- Located on Route C northeast of intersection with Route N
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°21'56" N, 90°26'21" W
- Survey: T. 31 N., R. 5 E., Sec. 18
- Civil township: Twelvemile
- School district: Fredericktown R-1
- USGS Quad: Coldwater
- Silver Mine (Historical)
- At its peak, this company mining town had about 900 people
- Previously known as: Einstein Silver Mine
- Alternate name: Silvermine
- Located near the end of Route D, west of the recreation area
- Founded: ca. 1877 by the Einstein Silver Mining Co.
- Maps: 1880 (Einstein's Mine), 1886 (Einstine Silver Mine), and 1920 Clason (Silvermine)
- Skrainka (Historical)
- Trace Creek (Historical)
- Twelvemile (Unincorporated)
- Alternate name: Twelve Mile
- Located along US 67 near Twelvemile Creek north of Route N
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°21'58" N, 90°21'47" W
- Survey: T. 31 N., R. 6 E., Sec. 14
- Civil township: Twelvemile
- School district: Marquand-Zion R-6
- USGS Quad: Cascade
- Zion (Unincorporated)
- Located along US 67 north of the Route JJ intersection
- Latitude & Longitude: 37°25'18" N, 90°18'36" W
- Survey: T. 32 N., R. 7 E., Secs. 30 & 31
- Elevation: 740
- Civil township: Twelvemile
- School district: Marquand-Zion R-6
- USGS Quad: Cherokee Pass (Not shown)
Name origin
Named after James Madison, US President and Founding Father
| Year | Population | Percent change |
|---|
| 1830 | 2,371 | -- |
| 1840 | 3,395 | +43.2% |
| 1850 | 6,003 | +76.8% |
| 1860 | 5,664 | -5.6% |
| 1870 | 5,849 | +3.3% |
| 1880 | 8,876 | +51.8% |
| 1890 | 9,268 | +4.4% |
| 1900 | 9,975 | +7.6% |
| 1910 | 11,273 | +13.0% |
| 1920 | 10,721 | -4.9% |
| 1930 | 9,418 | -12.2% |
| 1940 | 9,656 | +2.5% |
| 1950 | 10,380 | +7.5% |
| 1960 | 9,366 | -9.8% |
| 1970 | 8,641 | -7.7% |
| 1980 | 10,725 | +24.1% |
| 1990 | 11,127 | +3.7% |
| 2000 | 11,800 | +6.0% |